![]() Consciousness and awareness of God is referred to as Taqwa. He is viewed as a personal god and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Islam teaches that the creation of everything in the universe was brought into being by God's command as expressed by the wording, " Be, and it is," and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. ![]() God is instead described and referred to by several names or attributes, the most common being Ar-Rahmān ( الرحمان) meaning "The Entirely Merciful," and Ar-Rahīm ( الرحيم) meaning "The Especially Merciful" which are invoked at the beginning of most chapters of the Quran. Thus, Muslims are not iconodules and do not attribute forms to God. God is seen as transcendent of creation and so is beyond comprehension. God is seen as incomparable and without partners such as in the Christian Trinity, and associating partners to God or attributing God's attributes to others is seen as idolatory, called shirk. Usually thought of as a precise monotheism, but also panentheistic in Islamic mystical teachings. The central concept of Islam is tawḥīd (Arabic: توحيد), the oneness of God. Due largely to a higher fertility rate, Islam is the world's fastest growing major religious group, and if current trends hold it would slightly surpass Christianity as the world's largest religion by the end of the 21st century. Sizable Muslim communities are also present in the Americas, China, and Europe. Approximately 12% of the world's Muslims live in Indonesia, the most populous Muslim-majority country 31% live in South Asia 20% live in the Middle East–North Africa and 15% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 49 countries. While Sunni–Shia differences initially arose from disagreements over the succession to Muhammad, they grew to cover a broader dimension, both theologically and juridically. There are two major Islamic denominations: Sunni Islam (85–90%) and Shia Islam (10–15%). The expansion of the Muslim world involved various states and caliphates as well as extensive trade and religious conversion as a result of Islamic missionary activities ( dawah), and through conquests. In the Islamic Golden Age, mostly during the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate, much of the Muslim world experienced a scientific, economic and cultural flourishing. Muslim rule expanded outside Arabia under the Rashidun Caliphate and the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate ruled from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus Valley. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam. In 610 CE, Muslims believe Muhammad began receiving revelation. The religion of Islam originated in Mecca about 610 CE. The three holiest sites in Islam in descending order are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina, and Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Prominent religious festivals include Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. Islamic law, sharia, touches on virtually every aspect of life, from banking and finance and welfare to men's and women's roles and the environment. The Five Pillars-considered obligatory acts of worship-comprise the Islamic oath and creed ( shahada) daily prayers ( salah) almsgiving ( zakat) fasting ( sawm) in the month of Ramadan and a pilgrimage ( Hajj) to Mecca. It states that there will be a " Final Judgement" wherein the righteous will be rewarded in paradise ( Jannah) and the unrighteous will be punished in hell ( Jahannam). Islam teaches that God ( Allah) is one and incomparable. The teachings and normative example of Muhammad, called the sunnah, documented in accounts called the hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. ![]() They also consider Muhammad as the main and final Islamic prophet, through whom the religion was completed. Alongside the Qur'an, Muslims also believe in the previous revelations, such as the Tawrat, the Zabur ( Psalms), and the Injeel ( Gospel). Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets such as Adam (believed to be the first man), Ibrahim, Moses, and Isa (Jesus), among others these earlier revelations are attributed to Judaism and Christianity, which are regarded in Islam as spiritual predecessor faiths. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. "Submission to the will of God") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. ![]()
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